Applied Math 10 Glossary

Absolute cell reference:

in a spreadsheet, a reference to a particular cell that will not change when a formula referencing that cell is copied to a different cell (e.g., and )

Accuracy:

how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value

Acute angle:

an angle with a measure of less than 90ƒ

Alternate angles:

angles that are between two lines and on the opposite sides of a transversal that cuts the two lines

Angle of depression:

the acute angle formed by the horizontal and the line of sight when the observer looks down at an object

Angle of elevation:

the acute angle formed by the horizontal and the line of sight when the observer looks up at an object

Arithmetic sequence:

a sequence in which the difference between one term and the next is always the same

Bias:

an influence that prevents a sample from being truly representative of the population from which it is selected

Cell address:

the notation used to name a cell, consisting of the letter of the column and the number of the row that forms the cell

Cell:

the box formed at the intersection of a column and a row in a spreadsheet

Census:

the process of collecting information from all the members of a population; an official count of the people of a country

Clinometer:

a device used by surveyors for measuring angles of elevation and depression

Cluster sampling:

a sampling method in which the population is divided into subsections, and then every member of a randomly chosen subsection is selected for the sample

Collinear:

lying on the same line segment

Convenience sampling:

a biased sampling method in which the sample is chosen at the convenience of the person doing the sampling

Correlation coefficient:

a number indicating how well the data can be approximated by a linear function

Current cell:

the active or selected cell

Dependent variable:

the variable of a function whose value is determined by that of the independent variable of the function; the output or responding variable

Dependent variable:

the output variable of a function

Direct variation:

a function having a y-intercept of zero; a relation in which the input and output variables are always in the same ratio

Domain:

the set of all possible x-values or independent variables of a relation; input values

Domain:

all the x-values of the points of the graph of the function

Empirical data:

data that comes from observation or measurement, rather than from a rule or a theoretical model

English Customary System of Measurement:

the system of measurement, commonly called the imperial system, that uses units such as yards, pounds, and quarts

Entry bar:

the region at the top of a spreadsheet that displays the contents of the current cell where it can be modified

Function notation:

a shorthand method of writing a procedure or rule that relates one number, quantity, and so on to another or others

Function:

a relation in which there is only one value of the dependent variable for each value of the independent value; a relation in which there is only one output value for each input value

Function:

a relation in which each input value has only one output value

Independent variable:

the variable of a function whose value is specified first and determines the value of the dependent variable of the function; the input or manipulated variable

Independent variable:

the input variable of a function

Inference:

in statistics, a conclusion made about a population based on the results of a sample

International System of Units (SI):

he measurement system, commonly called the metric system, that uses units such as metres, grams, and litres

Inventory:

stock required to maintain sales in a business

Linear function:

a function whose equation can be written in the formand whose graph is a line or points of a line

Median:

the middle value or mean of the middle values of a set of data arranged in ascending order

Natural numbers:

the set of numbers 1, 2, 3, Ö

Non-probability sampling:

a sampling method that does not use random selection of the individuals in the sample

Non-recursive table:

a table in which the data in each row are independent

Oblique triangle:

a triangle that does not contain a right angle

Oblique:

at a slant

Obtuse angle:

an angle with a measure of more than 90ƒ but less than 180ƒ

Outlier:

a point on a graph that lies away from the line of best fit

Pitch:

the vertical rise of a roof in inches for every horizontal run of 12 inches

Population:

all of the people, animals, or things about which the information is being collected; all the people who could have been consulted in the survey

Precision:

how close together a group of measurements actually are to each other; the smallest division on the scale of a measuring device

Range:

the set of all possible y-values or dependent variables of a relation; output values

Range:

all the y-values of the points of the graph of the function

Ready reckoner:

a table that can be used with mental math to make calculations

Recursive table:

a table in which data in one row are dependent on the previous row

Relative cell reference:

a reference to a particular cell in a spreadsheet that will change when a formula referencing that cell is copied to a different cell (e.g., and )

Residual (of a point):

the vertical distance of a point from the line of best fit

Rise:

the vertical distance between two points on a coordinate plane

Run:

the horizontal distance between two points on a coordinate plane

Sample:

the part of the population chosen to represent the total population

Sampling:

the process used to choose part of the population to represent the entire population

Scatterplot:

a graph consisting of individual points whose coordinates represent values of two variables under investigation

Scatterplot:

a graph consisting of individual points whose coordinates represent values of an independent and a dependent variable

Self-selected sampling:

a sampling method in which individuals of a population select themselves to participate as members of the sample

Sequence:

an ordered set of numbers

Simple random sampling:

a sampling method in which every member of the population has the same chance of being selected for the sample

Slope of a line:

the ratio , where and are points on the line

Slope:

a numerical measure of the steepness of a line segment; the ratio of the rise to the run

Solving a right triangle:

determining the lengths of the sides and the measures of the angles of a right triangle

Spreadsheet template:

a spreadsheet that can be used over and over to calculate new data with minimum changes

Spreadsheet:

a computer-generated arrangement of data in rows and columns

Stratified random sampling:

a sampling method in which the population is divided into groups, and then the sample is randomly selected from the groups

Summary point:

the point having the ordered pair , in which is the median of the x-values of all the points of the set and is the median of the y-values of all the points of the set

Supplementary angles:

two angles whose measures add up to 180ƒ

Survey:

the process by which information is collected for a sample

Systematic sampling:

a sampling method in which every nth member of the population is selected for the sample

Term of a loan:

the length of time to repay a loan

Term:

a number belonging to a sequence

Tolerance:

the permitted amount of variation from a specified measure

Transit:

a device used by surveyors for measuring horizontal angles

x-intercept:

the x-coordinate of the intersection point of a graph and the horizontal axis

y-intercept:

the y-coordinate of the intersection point of a graph and the vertical axis