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Grade 9:  The Learning Equation Math

31.02: Finding Unknown Sides

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Measurement

Refresher pp 60-61

SeekAWord2ech.class Author

Prerequisite Skills:

Review skills from previous lesson:

Ratios in Right Triangles:  Grade 9 Lesson 31.01

Key Terms                 

trigonometry, right triangle, sine, cosine, tangent, hypotenuse, opposite side, adjacent side

 

 

 

 

Learning Outcomes:

The student will:

Review from Introductory Lesson

 

Practice

The "Introduction" reviews the Pythagorean theorem. "Naming Sides" reviews the trigonometry triangle names required to use "Soh Cah Toa". The "Practice" section has 5 sections of problem types. For this activity complete problem types 1 - 3. The activity below this one focuses on the same 3 problem types.

  • Problem Types 1-3: Pythagorean Theorem.
  • Problem Types 4-6: Calculate the sine, cosine and tangent ratios given one reference angle.
  • Problem Types 7-9: Calculate the sine, cosine and tangent ratios given two appropriate sides.
  • Problem Types 10-12: Calculate the reference angle given two appropriate sides.
  • Problem Types 13-18: Calculate the length of one of the sides given appropriate side and reference angle.

 

Pythagorean Theorem

pythagorean_triangle.jpg (3622 bytes)Triangles also have sides.  If you know the length of two sides of a right triangle, you do not need to use trigonometry.

You can calculate the length of the third using the Pythagorean Theorem.

a2 + b2 = c2

 

Pythagoras Theorem - interactive proof

You may already have learned to calculate the third side when the other two sides of a right triangle are known using the Pythagorean Theorem.  The link above provides an applet that helps us understand this formula in the simplest form.  The sum of the area of the two small squares (a2 + b2) equals (=) the big square (c2).   To use this theorem, label the sides of the right triangle a, b, c.  Each of the sides are opposite the angle with the corresponding letter.  

 

Practice

The "Introduction" reviews the Pythagorean theorem. "Naming Sides" reviews the trigonometry triangle names required to use "Soh Cah Toa". The "Practice" section has 5 sections of problem types. For this activity complete problem types 13 - 18. The activity below this one focuses on the same 6 problem types.

  • Problem Types 1-3: Pythagorean Theorem.
  • Problem Types 4-6: Calculate the sine, cosine and tangent ratios given one reference angle.
  • Problem Types 7-9: Calculate the sine, cosine and tangent ratios given two appropriate sides.
  • Problem Types 10-12: Calculate the reference angle given two appropriate sides.
  • Problem Types 13-18: Calculate the length of one of the sides given appropriate side and reference angle.

 

Problems Using Pythagoras' Theorem and Trigonometry

Soh

Sine ratio

sin A = opposite/hypotenuse

Cah

Cosine ratio

cos A = adjacent/hypotenuse

Toa

Tangent ratio

Tan A = opposite/adjacent

sin A = / cos A = / Tan A = /

trigtri.gif (2448 bytes)The next section has 9 types of problems.  3 are devoted to Pythagoras's Theorem and 6 involve the trigonometry functions listed above.  Click the buttons above if you need help on one of the trigonometry functions.

Click Reload/Refresh if the calculator does not display properly.

(100th)

You need a Java2 enabled browser or install the Java2 plug-in

Original source:  Pythagoras and Trigonometry

Click Reload/Refresh if the calculator does not display properly.

 

Review:

BBC Education Pythagorean Theorem Quiz

If you need to find the hypotenuse

If one leg (a) is

and the other leg (b) is

If you need to find one of the perpendicular sides (leg):

If one leg (a or b) is

and the hypotenuse (c) is

 

Trigonometry Calculator

The following site will show you how to use the trigonometry ratios to calculate the lengths of a side in in a right triangle. 

Right Angle Relationships

To use:

  • Fill in a value for 1 of the 3 sides,
  • fill in a value for angle D or E.
  • put a question mark,  (?), in the box of the side whose length you are trying to find,
  • then click "Go" to see how to find the measure of your angle.

An example has been completed for you.  Remove these and substitute your own values to investigate right angle triangles further.

 

Enrichment:

The Event Inventor - about tangent ratios

Pythagorean Triples

Enter two positive integers (smallest first):
s: < t:

A Pythagorean Triple:

Enter your own values for s and t to discover other Pythagorean triples.

Pythagorean triples are integer length sides of right triangles. Here's a trick for finding them.

You pick s and t from the positive integers, but s must be smaller than t.

To compute (x, y, z):

(t2 - s2, 2st, t2 + s2)

Example, if s=1 and t=2 you get:

( 22 - 12, 2(1)(2), 22 + 12)

(3,4,5)

 

angle of elevation

Pythagoras' Playground

 

 

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